That’s not what the 14th amendment does
The 14th provides birthright citizenship, outlines that states won’t imprison people without due process, covers congressional proportionality, and makes insurrection/treason cause for not being eligible for office
Seriously, take a constitutionality class, you need it
That explicitly states that the States cannot punish people without due process, it does not change that the constitution has always applied to individuals
You’re looking at an amendment that’s targeting the end of slavery and incorrectly applying it to all people